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1, extratropical storms were derived using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis ( Kalnay et al. Activity is defined using a standardized index that represents the seasonal total of cyclones in a given area, multiplied by their mean intensity ( Wang et al. 2011)ĭifference in extratropical storm activity between 1979–20–78 during the cold season. Generally speaking, the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis is consistent with other reanalyses in terms of extratropical cyclone activity ( Hodges et al. (2001), which were presented in the previous NCA report ( Karl et al.
Ship simulator extremes big waves series#
Overall, there is good agreement between these series and those of McCabe et al. Each series has an increasing trend from 1948 to 2010 that is statistically significant (0.01 level).
![ship simulator extremes big waves ship simulator extremes big waves](https://www.gamereactor.eu/media/25/shipsimulatorextremes_222541b.jpg)
1996) using a modified version of Serreze (1995) as detailed in Wang et al. The time series were derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis ( Kalnay et al. The time series represent standardized departures, which are deviations from the longterm average that have been divided by the spread in the data (e.g., the standardized departure of frequency in a given year/location is computed by subtracting the long-term average frequency at that location from the actual frequency in that year/location, then dividing the difference by the standard deviation of the frequency in that location). Time series of extratropical storm frequency and intensity during the cold season for high latitudes (60°–90°N) and midlatitudes (30°–60°N) of the Northern Hemisphere.